Among the genes, those that codes for HLA class II alleles play an important role in the antigen presentation and recognition by the T-cell receptor and consequently, activation of the immune response. Both cellular and humoral immune responses take part in the autoimmune reactions, in which inflammatory cytokines are mediators of the rheumatic heart lesions.
The epidemiological growth of streptococcal diseases in undeveloped and developing countries has encouraged many groups in the last 15 years, to study vaccine candidates for preventing Group A Streptococcus GAS infections.
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Skip to main content. Ear nose and throat. Home Ear nose and throat. Rheumatic fever. Actions for this page Listen Print. Summary Read the full fact sheet. On this page. Symptoms of rheumatic fever Rheumatic heart disease Socioeconomic risk factors Diagnosis of rheumatic fever Treatment of rheumatic fever Long-term outlook Where to get help Things to remember. Symptoms of rheumatic fever Most symptoms resolve with medical treatment. Socioeconomic risk factors Rheumatic fever is a complication of untreated streptococcal infection.
Diagnosis of rheumatic fever There is no specific test available to diagnose rheumatic fever. Treatment of rheumatic fever Treatment may include: Hospital admission Penicillin, usually given as an intramuscular injection Course of aspirin Corticosteroids cortisone if the arthritis is severe or there is carditis inflammation of the heart Long-term antibiotic treatment, which may include monthly penicillin injections for up to five years — this helps to reduce the risk of rheumatic heart disease In the case of rheumatic heart disease, cardiac catheter treatment or surgery may be needed to repair damaged heart valves.
Long-term outlook With appropriate and prompt medical care, the long-term outlook for a person with rheumatic fever is excellent. Where to get help Your doctor Things to remember Rheumatic fever is a disease that can occur following an untreated Streptococcus bacterial infection. Without treatment, rheumatic fever can lead to serious complications such as rheumatic heart disease.
The disease is rare in Australia, except for remote parts of northern Australia, where Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, especially children, are at increased risk. Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease , Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. More information here. Diagnosis and management of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Australia. Give feedback about this page. Many of our partner organizations specialize in support for specific autoimmune diseases and have additional resources, research and care-management information available.
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